Philippine general election, 2010

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Elections for all positions in the Philippines above the barangay (except for Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao regional level) were held on Monday, May 10, 2010. The elected president will become the 15th President of the Philippines, succeeding President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who is barred from seeking re-election due to term restrictions. The successor of the Vice-President Noli de Castro will be the 15th Vice President of the Philippines. The legislators elected in the 2010 elections will join the senators of the 2007 elections and will comprise the 15th Congress of the Philippines.

The 2010 election was administered by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) in compliance with the Republic Act No. 9369,[1] also known as Amended Computerization Act of 2007. It was the first national computerized election in the history of the Philippines. Although, there were cases of PCOS machine failures, there would be no postponement of elections since most technical issues were resolved by Election Day.[2] Despite the fact that some provinces have reported failure of elections, these have not surpassed the 0.50% of the total number of PCOS machines, and most were replaced on time.[3]

Local elections were held in all provinces, cities and municipalities for provincial governors, vice governors and board members, and city/municipal mayors, vice mayors and councilors.

There were more than 85,000 candidates for 17,000 national and local positions and it is believed that the youth will have the swing vote in this election as 40% of voters are 18-35 and there are a potential 3 million first-time voters.[4]

In cases where a candidate is running unopposed, that candidate only has to win one vote in order to be considered elected. In this case, the candidate can vote for themselves.

Contents

Background

The Philippine constitution only allows a president to run for one 6-year term; however, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo term was controversial because she replaced Joseph Estrada in the middle of his term and also won an election on her own right to serve longer than the constitution was supposed to allow.

General issues

In a decision dated December 2, 2009, the Supreme Court ruled that appointive officials seeking positions in the elections need not resign from their posts, striking down Section 4(a) of COMELEC Resolution 8678, Section 13 of Republic Act 9369, and Section 66 of the Omnibus Election Code as unconstitutional, "for being violative of the equal protection clause and for being overbroad."[5]

Party-switching

As election day approaches, several politicians switched political parties in order to gain votes and funding for the campaign. Many switches were controversial, with the ruling party Lakas Kampi CMD having the most defections, most of which went either to the Liberal Party or to the Nacionalista Party.

The politicians who switched parties after the start of the local campaign period are:

Date Politician Running for Old party New party
March 24 Jose Maria Zubiri, Jr.[6] Governor of Bukidnon Lakas-Kampi Nacionalista
April 11 Arturo Uy[7] Governor of Compostela Valley Lakas-Kampi Nacionalista
April 12 Neptali Gonzales II[8] Congressman of Mandaluyong Lakas-Kampi Liberal
April 12 Roilo Golez[9] Congressman of Parañaque's 2nd district Independent Liberal
April 14 Joey Salceda[10] Governor of Albay Lakas-Kampi Liberal
April 15 Benasing Macarambon[11] Congressman of Lanao del Sur's 2nd district Lakas-Kampi Nacionalista
April 20 Mary Ann Susano[12] Mayor of Quezon City Lakas-Kampi PMP

Furthermore, figures such as Luis "Chavit" Singson resigned from Lakas and endorsed a candidate aside from Gilberto Teodoro, but did not join another party. Singson endorsed Villar, then resigned from Lakas, but has not joined Villar's Nacionalista Party.[13]

Controversies

Main article: Controversies in the Philippine general election, 2010

Five days before the elections, petitions were made to postpone the elections due to technical malfunctions with the electronic voting machines.[14] On May 7, 2010, the Supreme Court rejected the petitions, affirming the vote would go ahead as planned.[15]

Several cities and provinces encountered several problems, postponing the election. In Caloocan, voting was delayed as the box of ballots delivered to clustered precinct 599 in the city's Pajo district contained ballots for a clustered precinct in Sampaloc in Manila.[16]

Election-related violence

Prior to the end of the filing of certificates of candidacy, the COMELEC had anticipated several areas to be named as "election hotspots".

On November 23, 2009, the entourage of the wife of Buluan, Maguindanao Esmael Mangudadatu who is running for provincial governor, including journalists, were abducted and killed in the province's Ampatuan town.[17] Before she was killed, Mangudadatu's wife blamed provincial governor Andal Ampatuan, Jr. as the culprit.[18] Ampatuan Jr. was later arrested.[19] After several arms and military vehicles were seized in Ampatuans' properties and government installations, President Arroyo declared martial law in parts of the province not controlled by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front on December 4.[20]

On December 28, 2009, a candidate for councilor died, and two incumbent officials were wounded in an ambush in Dingras, Ilocos Norte. The gunmen fired at the convoy including barangay chairwoman Joen Caniete, who was running for councilor under the Nacionalista Party; the wounded included a sitting councilor and a provincial board member.[21]

In Sorsogon, Julio Esquivias, a Nacionalista candidate for councilor in the town of Casiguran, died due to a gunshot wound after he was shot by an unidentified gunman.[22]

In a command conference by the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National Police and the COMELEC, 14 election "hotspots" were identified. They are Abra, Ilocos Norte, Masbate and Nueva Ecija in Luzon, Samar (Western Samar), Eastern Samar and Antique in the Visayas, and Basilan, Sulu, Maguindanao, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Sarangani, and Zamboanga Sibugay in Mindanao.[23]

Worsening private armed violence is a serious security concern that has the capacity to undermine the 2010 elections. Even though a commission has already been formed to dismantle private armies, skeptics are unconvinced that the government can succeed in this task as it has a poor track record at dealing with the ongoing problem of internal violence.[24]

Before election day, a bomb exploded at 1:20 a.m. in Ampatuan, Maguindanao. No casualties were reported. In Conception, Iloilo armed men fired a Liberal Party headquarters. No casualties were reported.[25]

During election day, three bomb exploded at a polling precinct at Pakpak elementary school in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur. No casualties or injuries reported. Another bomb exploded in Zamboanga Sibugay, killing three people. Earlier today, two bombs exploded at Mindanao State University where several polling precinct were clustered. A NK2 grenade exploded at Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao. No casualties reported. On the same day, at 12:00nn (PST) a shooting incident was happened on the same area between the rival candidates. Two innocent persons was officially killed.

As of 1:30pm (PST) 14 persons were officially reported killed due to election-related violence. At 2:25pm (PST) a shooting incident in a barangay in Maguindanao caused the cancellation of elections was cancelled.

Constitutionality of the elections

Many concerned civil society groups including the Center for People Empowerment in Governance (CenPEG), Philippine Computer Society (PCS), and Global Filipino Nation (GFN) protested the illegality and unconstitutionality on how the elections was conducted particularly in implementing safety measures against fraud and cheating.

In an interim report by GFN 2010 Election Observers Team released on May 27, 2010 titled "Foreign Observers Challenge Election Legitimacy", they presented arguments questioning the May 10, 2010 elections summarized below:

  1. The election results transmitted from the precincts do not have digital signatures of the Board of Election Inspectors (BEI)
  2. The number of disenfranchised voters is sufficient to affect greatly the results of the elections.
  3. The Automated Election System (AES) was implemented without the appropriate field testing, and law-specified testing in actual elections.
  4. The source code review was not completed and initial findings were not addressed.
  5. No audit was done on the AES prior to the elections. There was only a mandated random manual audit which was not yet done at the time the report was written (May 27, 2010).
  6. Several voter and security features were disabled prior to elections.

Many different groups also echoed the same sentiments such as that of Kaakbay Partylist in its critique of the May 10, 2010 polls.[26] They also questioned the removal of digital signatures

Removal of Digital Signatures

While Republic Act 9369 states that "The election returns transmitted electronically and digitally signed shall be considered as official election results and shall be used as the basis for the canvassing of votes and the proclamation of a candidate.",[27] the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) issued Resolution 8786 on March 4, 2010 which became the basis for the decision to remove digital signatures which the Comelec ruled as no longer necessary. Three Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs) were originally required to put in their iButton Key for the results to be digitally signed before transmission and make it official. But because of the issuance of Comelec Resolution 8786, BEIs were directed to press "No" when asked by the PCOS machines to digitally sign the files for transmission.[28]

In the joint committee at Batasang Pambansa, Sen. Enrile asked the COMELEC officials why they removed the use of the digital signatures. Smartmatic Asia Pacific president, Cesar Flores said “The voting machine has a digital signature in itself which is also corroborated in the card and the password that is provided to the BEIs. The BEIs when they sign the password, they encrypt the result, and the result is digitally signed,”[26] [29]

Kaakbay Partylist released on June 6, 2010 its critique on the May 10, 2010 elections. The group cited complaints regarding the removal of main security features and verifiability of votes and also answered the arguments of those given by the COMELEC officials.

"On March 4, 2010, Comelec issued Resolution 8786 dated March 4, 2010, essentially disabling the use of digital signatures. Thus, the electronically transmitted ERs from the precincts no longer bear digital signatures. Several excuses were given by Comelec ranging from PCOS machine signatures being equivalent to digital signature (which of course is not true); use of digital signature will require another P1 billion (as if digital feature is not included in the P7.1-billion contract); reducing transmission time (how less than one minute signing digitally will reduce much a transmission of about 30 to 60 minutes?); and the PCOS i-button and BEI Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) are equivalents (of course, not)".[26]

Results

Reports indicated that the election day was marred with controversies, particularly in insurgent-ridden province of Mindanao, though other provinces also faced difficulties such as computer glitches on the electronic voting machines, disorderly conduct, vote buying, and violence.[30] In Cebu City, spikes placed by unidentified men on the road caused a delay in the delivery of ballot boxes in Cebu province early Monday.[31]

A total of over 76,340 PCOS machines (or Precinct-count Optical Scanners), some 5,000 back-up units, and some 1,700 servers were deployed in the country's first nation-wide fully automated elections, from counting of votes to transmission and canvassing of election results. Election Day had live full coverage from GMA 7 and ABS-CBN. Besides logistical problems, during the last few days prior to the election poll machine & services supplier Smartmatic-Total Information Management (TIM) found cases of PCOS machine failures. Nonetheless it was decided not to postpone elections since the technical issues were resolved quickly and the solution could be deployed by Election Day. Despite the fact that some provinces reported issues in the election process, these did not surpass the 0.50% of the total number of PCOS machines, and most were replaced on time, as planned for. As a result of the delays, the COMELEC extended voting hours from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. and continued through the night transmitting the votes from every precinct scattered across the country.

After the elections closed and transmissions from PCOS machines began arriving en masse and the COMELEC was able to publish the first partial results, many former doubts and concerns vanished, replaced by astonishment due to the unprecedented speed of the tally[32]

President

Main article: Philippine presidential election, 2010

The presidential candidate with the greatest number of votes will be declared the winner. A separate election is held for the vice president; the two elected officials need not be running mates in order to be elected.

e • d Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine presidential election results
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Benigno Aquino III Liberal 15,208,678 42.08%
Joseph Estrada PMP 9,487,837 26.25%
Manny Villar Nacionalista 5,573,835 15.42%
Gilberto Teodoro Lakas-Kampi 4,095,839 11.33%
Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas 1,125,878 3.12%
Richard Gordon Bagumbayan-VNP 501,727 1.39%
Nicanor Perlas Independent 54,575 0.15%
Jamby Madrigal Independent 46,489 0.13%
John Carlos de los Reyes Ang Kapatiran 44,244 0.12%
Total valid votes 36,139,102 94.73%
Vetallano Acosta (disqualified)* KBL 181,985 0.48%
Total invalid votes 2,010,269 5.27%
Total turnout 38,149,371 74.34%
Registered voters 51,292,465 100.00%
COCs canvassed 278 of 278 100.00%

*Vetallano Acosta (KBL) was disqualified after the ballots were printed. All of his votes are considered spoilt

Vice President

e • d Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine vice presidential election results
Candidate Party Results
Votes %
Jejomar Binay PDP-Laban[v 1] 14,645,574 41.65%
Mar Roxas Liberal 13,918,490 39.58%
Loren Legarda NPC[v 2] 4,294,664 12.21%
Bayani Fernando Bagumbayan-VNP 1,017,631 2.89%
Edu Manzano Lakas-Kampi 807,728 2.30%
Perfecto Yasay Bangon Pilipinas 364,652 1.04%
Jay Sonza KBL 64,230 0.18%
Dominador Chipeco, Jr. Ang Kapatiran 52,562 0.15%
Total valid votes 35,165,555 92.18%
Total invalid votes 2,983,816 7.82%
Total turnout 38,149,371 74.38%
Registered voters 51,292,555 100.00%
COCs canvassed 278 of 278 100.00%
  1. ^ Binay is Joseph Estrada's (PMP) guest candidate for vice president.
  2. ^ Legarda is Manny Villar's (Nacionalista) guest candidate for vice president.

Congress

Senate

Main article: Philippine Senate election, 2010

One-half of the Senate of the Philippines will be up for election. The Philippines uses the plurality-at-large voting system for the Senate race.

e • d Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine Senate election results
Rank Candidate Party Votes %
1. Bong Revilla Lakas-Kampi 19,513,521 51.15%
2. Jinggoy Estrada PMP 18,925,925 49.61%
3. Miriam Defensor Santiago PRP 17,344,742 45.47%
4. Franklin Drilon Liberal 15,871,117 41.60%
5. Juan Ponce Enrile PMP 15,665,618 41.06%
6. Pia Cayetano Nacionalista 13,679,511 35.86%
7. Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. Nacionalista 13,169,634 34.52%
8. Ralph Recto Liberal 12,436,960 32.60%
9. Tito Sotto NPC 11,891,711 31.17%
10. Sergio Osmeña III Independent 11,656,668 30.56%
11. Lito Lapid Lakas-Kampi 11,025,805 28.90%
12. Teofisto Guingona III Liberal 10,277,352 26.94%
13. Risa Hontiveros-Baraquel Liberal 9,106,112 23.87%
14. Ruffy Biazon Liberal 8,626,514 22.61%
15. Joey de Venecia PMP 8,375,043 21.95%
16. Gilbert Remulla Nacionalista 7,454,557 19.54%
17. Danilo Lim Independent 7,302,784 19.14%
18. Sonia Roco Liberal 6,774,010 17.76%
19. Ariel Querubin Nacionalista 6,547,925 17.16%
20. Gwendolyn Pimentel PDP-Laban 6,394,347 16.76%
21. Nereus Acosta Liberal 5,921,111 15.52%
22. Alexander Lacson Liberal 5,242,594 13.74%
23. Adel Tamano Nacionalista 4,059,748 10.64%
24. Emilio Mario Osmeña PROMDI 3,980,370 10.43%
25. Liza Maza Independent 3,855,800 10.11%
26. Satur Ocampo Bayan Muna 3,539,345 9.28%
27. Francisco Tatad GAD 3,331,083 8.73%
28. Ramon Mitra III Nacionalista 2,744,090 7.19%
29. Apolinario Lozada PMP 2,730,279 7.16%
30. Rey Langit Lakas-Kampi 2,694,213 7.06%
31. Silvestre Bello III Lakas-Kampi 2,468,276 6.47%
32. Yasmin Lao Liberal 2,081,895 5.46%
33. Imelda Papin Bangon Pilipinas 1,972,667 5.17%
34. Susan Ople Nacionalista 1,930,038 5.06%
35. Martin Bautista Liberal 1,890,152 4.95%
36. Rodolfo Plaza NPC 1,517,905 3.98%
37. JV Larion Bautista PMP 1,415,117 3.71%
38. Ramon Guico Lakas-Kampi 1,264,982 3.32%
39. Raul Lambino Lakas-Kampi 1,156,294 3.03%
40. Hector Villanueva KBL 979,708 2.57%
41. Ramoncito Ocampo Bangon Pilipinas 944,725 2.48%
42. Kata Inocencio Bangon Pilipinas 888,771 2.33%
43. Jovito Palparan, Jr. Independent 825,208 2.16%
44. Alex Tinsay Bangon Pilipinas 728,339 1.91%
45. Zafrullah Alonto Bangon Pilipinas 712,628 1.87%
46. Reginald Tamayo Ang Kapatiran 680,211 1.78%
47. Nanette Espinosa KBL 607,569 1.59%
48. Regalado Maambong KBL 545,967 1.43%
49. Shariff Ibrahim Albani KBL 508,558 1.33%
50. Rizalito David Ang Kapatiran 504,259 1.32%
51. Israel Virgines Bangon Pilipinas 455,332 1.19%
52. Zosimo Paredes Bangon Pilipinas 437,439 1.15%
53. Adrian Sison Ang Kapatiran 418,055 1.10%
54. Reynaldo Princesa Independent 364,245 0.95%
55. Jo Aurea Imbong Ang Kapatiran 362,457 0.95%
56. Adz Nikabulin Bangon Pilipinas 346,848 0.91%
57. Henry Caunan PDP-Laban 240,676 0.63%
58. Manuel Valdehuesa, Jr. Ang Kapatiran 201,118 0.53%
59. Hector Tarrazona Ang Kapatiran 168,386 0.44%
60. Ma. Gracia Riñoza-Plazo Ang Kapatiran 151,755 0.40%
61. Alma Lood KBL 128,045 0.34%
Total turnout 38,149,371 100.00%
Total votes 297,036,114 N/A
Registered voters 51,317,073 74.34%
Summary
Party Won Seats %
Independents 1 5 20.8%
Lakas-Kampi 2 4 16.7%
Liberal 3 4 16.7%
Nacionalista 2 4 16.7%
NPC 1 2 8.3%
PMP 2 2 8.3%
PRP 1 1 4.2%
LDP 0 1 4.2%
Totals 12 23 95.8%

House of Representatives

Main article: Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2010
See also: Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, 2010

All seats in the House are up for election, elections were done for legislative districts and party-list.

e • d Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine House of Representatives election results for representatives from congressional districts
Party Popular vote Up[n 1] Entered Seats won Change
Total % Total %[n 2]
Lakas-Kampi (Strength-Partner of Free Filipinos-Christian Muslim Democrats) 12,910,892 37.46% 120 164 106 36.93% 15
KABAKA (Partner of the Nation for Progress) 70,852 0.21% 1 1 1 0.35%
SARRO (Sarangani Reconciliation and Reformation Organization) 60,899 0.18% 1 1 0 0.00% 1
Lakas Kampi CMD coalition 13,042,643 37.84% 122 166 107 37.28% 16
Liberal (Liberal Party) 6,716,911 19.49% 30 131 42 14.67% 12
KKK/Liberal joint ticket 169,944 0.49% 1 3 3 1.04% 2
KKK (Struggle for Peace, Progress and Justice) 11,076 0.03% 0 1 0 0.00%
Liberal Party coalition 6,901,005 20.02% 31 135 45 15.85% 14
Nacionalista (Nationalist Party) 3,748,973 10.88% 24 64 25 9.08% 1
Kusug (Promote Progress for Cebu) 126,144 0.37% 0 2 0 0.00%
PCM (People's Champ Movement) 120,052 0.35% 0 1 1 0.35% 1
Ugyon Kita Capiz (Unite Capiz) 45,859 0.13% 0 1 0 0.00%
Nacionalista Party coalition 4,041,028 11.73% 24 68 26 9.09% 2
PMP (Force of the Filipino Masses) 862,599 2.50% 2 45 4 1.40% 2
Navoteño (Party of the People of Navotas) 76,276 0.22% 0 1 1 0.35% 1
Magdiwang (Magdiwang Party) 47,840 0.14% 0 1 1 0.35% 1
PMP coalition 986,715 2.86% 2 47 6 2.10% 4
NPC (Nationalist People's Coalition) 5,479,413 15.90% 25 72 31 10.76% 6
PDP-Laban (Philippine Democratic Party – People's Power) 283,119 0.82% 5[n 3] 14 2 0.69% 3
Bigkis Pinoy (Bundle Pinoy) 206,853 0.60% 0 7 0 0.00%
PDSP (Philippine Social Democratic Party) 171,345 0.50% 0 4 1 0.35% 1
LDP (Struggle of the Democratic Filipinos) 162,434 0.47% 1 3 2 0.69% 1
KBL (New Society Movement) 158,416 0.46% 0 10 1 0.35% 1
Aksyon (Democratic Action) 113,088 0.33% 0 10 0 0.00%
Lapiang Manggagawa (Workers' Party) 88,556 0.25% 1 3 1 0.35%
Bagumbayan-VNP (New Nation-Volunteers for a New Philippines) 71,319 0.21% 0 4 0 0.00%
GAD (Grand Alliance for Democracy) 47,677 0.14% 0 1 0 0.00%
Ang Kapatiran (Alliance for the Common Good) 45,631 0.13% 0 2 0 0.00%
Aton Tamdon Utod Negrosa-non (Let’s Take Care of our Brother Negrenses) 42,796 0.12% 0 2 0 0.00%
PGRP (Philippine Green Republican Party) 21,636 0.06% 0 10 0 0.00%
Lingkod Taguig (Service to Taguig) 16,990 0.05% 1 1 0 0.00% 1
Bangon Pilipinas (Rise Up Philippines) 14,150 0.04% 0 3 0 0.00%
Lapiang Manggagawa Workers and Peasants Party 8,894 0.03% 0 1 0 0.00%
Buklod (Bond) 876 0.00% 0 1 0 0.00%
Independents 2,563,544 7.44% 4[n 4] 228 7 2.43% 3
Vacancies – – 4 – – – 4
New districts – – 10 – – – 10
Valid votes 34,463,474 92.41% — — — —
Sandugo (Blood Compact) 1,486 0.00% 0 1[n 5] 0 0.00%
Invalid or blank votes[n 6] 2,937,866 7.88% — — — —
Total turnout[n 6] 37,293,960 73.52% 215 792 229 80.07% 14
Registered voters[n 6] 50,723,733[n 7] 100.00%
  1. ^ If a congressman is a member of two or more parties, the national or the main party the congressman is identified with will take precedence.
  2. ^ Of all 286 House members, including party-list representatives.
  3. ^ Includes United Opposition members.
  4. ^ Includes Jose de Venecia, who currently has no party.
  5. ^ Sandugo's only candidate withdrew but remained on the ballot. Votes cast for him are spoiled.
  6. ^ a b c Numbers for invalid votes in Bulacan–1st, both Camarines Norte districts and both Lanao del Sur districts were not released.
  7. ^ Excludes overseas absentee voters (568,732) who are ineligible to vote for district representatives.
e • d Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine House of Representatives party-list election results
Party Popular vote Seats Nominees*
Total % Up Won First nominee Second nominee Third nominee
AKB 1,524,006 5.20% 0 3 Christopher Co Rodel Batocabe Alfredo Garbin, Jr.
Senior Citizens 1,296,950 4.42% 1 2 Godofredo Arquiza David Kho Francisco Datol, Jr.
Buhay 1,250,467 4.27% 3 2 Michael Velarde, Jr. Irwin Tieng Ignacio Jimenez
Akbayan 1,061,947 3.62% 2 2 Walden Bello Arlene Bag-ao Tomasito Villarin
GABRIELA 1,006,752 3.43% 2 2 Luzviminda Ilagan Ernerenciana de Jesus Shiela Ferrer
Coop-NATCCO 944,864 3.22% 2 2 Jose Ping-ay Cresente Paez Luis Carillo
1-CARE 770,015 2.63% 0 2 Michael Angelo Rivera Salvador Cabaluna III Jesus Castro
Abono 766,993 2.62% 2 2 Robert Raymond Estrella Francisco Ortega II Jacky Lomibao
Bayan Muna 750,100 2.56% 3 2 Teddy Casiño Neri Colmanares Joven Laura
An Waray 712,405 2.43% 2 2 Florencio Noel Neil Montejo Jude Acidre
CIBAC 653,399 2.23% 2 2 Sherwin Tugna Cinchona Cruz-Gonzales Armi Jane Borje
A TEACHER 617,898 2.11% 2 2 Mariano Piamonte, Jr. Julleta Cortuna Nenita Habulan
AGAP 516,052 1.76% 2 1 Nicanor Briones Rico Geron Albert Lim, Jr.
Butil 507,091 1.73% 2 1 Herminio Ocampo Maximiano Chempron Gerardo Dilig
Anakpawis 447,201 1.53% 2 1 Rafael V. Mariano Joel Maglunsod Randall Echanis
Kabataan 418,776 1.43% 1 1 Raymond Palatino Mark Louie Aquino Kathrina Castillo
LPGMA 417,771 1.43% 0 1 Arnel Uy Sinforoso Pangusan Salvador Escaño
ABAMIN 378,345 1.29% 0 1 Maximo Rodriguez, Jr. Virginia Sering Sergio Pascual
ACT Teachers 372,903 1.27% 0 1 Antonio Tinio Francisca Castro Efleda Bautista
AAMBIS-Owa 357,804 1.22% 0 1 Sharon Garin Carina Flores Eduard Trinidad
YACAP 337,487 1.15% 1 1 Carol Jayne Lopez Arnel Arbison Allen Ponsaran, Jr.
APEC 313,689 1.07% 2 1 Ponciano Payuyo Lamberto Canlas Andres Garcia
ANAD 297,984 1.02% 1 1 Pastor M. Alcover, Jr. Baltaire Q. Balangauan Pastor A. Alcover II
Ang Kasangga 296,695 1.01% 1 1 Teodorico Haresco Eugenio Jose Lacson Anna Marie Nava
BH 293,079 1.00% 0 1 Bernadette Herrera-Dy Edgar Allan Dy Dan Stephen Palami
Ang Galing Pinoy 269,273 0.92% 0 1 Mikey Arroyo Dennis Pineda Romeo Dungca, Jr.
Agbiag 263,234 0.90% 0 1 Patricio Antonio Erika Dy Hansel Tillmann
PBA 258,869 0.88% 0 1 Mark Aeron Sambar Miles Roces Mark Daya
ABS 257,457 0.88% 1 1 Catalina Leonen-Pizarro Eugene Michael de Vera Mary Jazul
TUCP 245,031 0.84% 1 1 Raymond Mendoza Anthony Sasin Ruben Torres
AGHAM 242,630 0.83% 0 1 Angelo Palmones Anselmo Adriano Florentino Tesoro
DIWA 239,029 0.82% 0 1 Emmeline Aglipay Ramon Bergado Pepito Pico
KAKUSA 234,788 0.80% 1 1 Ranulfo Canonigo Ma. Jesusa Sespeñe Omar Rivera
Kalinga 230,516 0.79% 0 1 Abigail Ferriol Uzziel Caponpon Osinando Quillao, Jr.
ALIF 227,431 0.78% 1 1 Acmad Tomawis Abdulwahab Amerol Macakuna Casar
Alagad 227,281 0.78% 2 1 Rodante Marcoleta Diogenes Osabel Ric Domingo
1-UTAK 220,617 0.75% 1 1 Angelo Reyes Vigor Ma. Mendoza II Homero Mercado
Una ang Pamilya 218,181 0.74% 0 1 Reena Concepcion Obillo Protasio Asadon, Jr. Alex Billedo
AVE 216,100 0.74% 0 1 Eulogio Magsaysay Iris Marie Montes Adelaida Magsaysay
Aangat Tayo 177,503 0.61% 1 1 Daryl Grace Abayon Eden Debulgado-Rivera Patricia Mae Veloso
ATING Koop 175,636 0.60% 0 1 Isidro Lico Roberto Mascariña Sylvia Flores
AA-Kasosyo 171,589 0.59% 0 1 Solaiman Pangandaman Raynor Taroy Percival Peralta
ALE 170,543 0.58% 0 1 Catalina Bagasina Erlinda de Leon Ma. Michaela Magtoto
Alay Buhay 164,044 0.56% 0 0 Weslie Gatchalian Antonio Sayo Miguel Varela
AKMA-PTM 162,972 0.56% 0 0 Michael Kida Crispin Carreon Ramon Vegas
AMIN 161,418 0.55% 2 0 Ariel C. Hernandez Sitti Djalia Turabin-Hataman Deonato Mokudef
KAAKBAY 161,127 0.55% 0 0 Alain Pascua Leonor Briones Eulogio Tumbali
VFP 155,672 0.53% 1 0 Estrella Santos Manuel Pamaran Antonio Collado
ARARO 147,408 0.50% 0 0 Quirino dela Torre Elmer Calinday Conchita Quibod
Atong Paglaum 146,363 0.50% 0 0 Rodolfo Pancrudo Roelito Gawilan Felix Vergara, Jr.
PACYAW 143,553 0.49% 0 0 Janet Rita Lazatin Rey Pineda Alikmatial Gonzales
ATM 142,988 0.49% 0 0 Allen Cupayan Reuben Lingating Joel Unad
ANAK 142,417 0.49% 0 0 Eduardo Octaviano, Jr. Eliseo dela Paz Oscar Bunyi
Partido ng Manggagawa 140,257 0.48% 0 0 Renato Magtubo Gerardo Rivera Judy Ann Rivera
ADD 139,494 0.48% 0 0 Sanipa Camid Mauyag Papandayan, Jr. Joseph Lo
ABA 138,310 0.47% 1 0 Leonardo Montemayor Dioscoro Granada Jose Nebrao
ATS 136,828 0.47% 0 0 Virgillo Mortera Vincent Michael Velasco Jaime Domdom
AMANA 133,048 0.45% 0 0 Nassief Malawani Pendatun Disimban Sualb Tuttuh
KAAGAPAY 130,498 0.45% 0 0 Javier Coscolluela Juan Carlos Pineda Nella Fuentebella
BANAT 129,089 0.44% 1 0 Salvador Britanico Edgar Igano Rodolfo Salazar
1GANAP/Guardians 121,508 0.41% 0 0 Victorino Villanueva Jose Reyes Rabuya Antonio Amulong
1-ABAA 121,405 0.40% 0 0 Margie Tajon Jocelyn Andres Sheena Gonzalvo
Babae Ka 117,518 0.40% 0 0 Nerissa Garcia Jacqueline Lingad-Ricci Ruth Vasquez
BANDILA 115,964 0.40% 0 0 Milton Ngu Nilo Tayag Juan Miguel Bondoc
AHON 115,789 0.40% 0 0 Dante Ang Emerito Remulla Von Bryan Cuerpo
Katribu 114,966 0.39% 0 0 Beverly Longid Genasque Enriquez Nelson Mallari
Ang Ladlad 114,120 0.39% 0 0 Bembol Benedito Germaine Leonin Crisanto Lopera, Jr.
1-AANI 113,434 0.39% 0 0 Timm Renomeron Marvyn Gaerlan Eddie Catalo
1-AHAPO 111,495 0.38% 0 0 Magleo Adriano Jimmy de Castro Eligio Malaluan
CONSLA 111,198 0.38% 0 0 Ricardo Nolasco, Jr. George Uy Melchor Ramos
KABAYAN 110,085 0.38% 0 0 Ron Salo Jessie Nietes Alberto Kimpo
Binhi 108,174 0.37% 0 0 Pacifico Fajardo, Jr. Florentino Panginilan Nelson Villanueva
Akap Bata 107,478 0.37% 0 0 Joy Alcantara Arlene Brosas Evelyn D. Guerrero
Ang Trabahante 107,468 0.37% 0 0
AGILA 105,406 0.36% 0 0 Cedric Valera Restituto Malangan Orlando Hondrade
COFA 105,049 0.36% 0 0 Neneth Omar Editha Mabuhay Gorgonio Unde
FIL-MUS 105,033 0.36% 0 0 Hassan Dalimbang Ato Dimananal Samaon Buat
Biyayang Bukid 102,191 0.35% 0 0 Teofilo Villamar Nicolas Neri Florida Perez-Robes
Abakada Guro 97,872 0.33% 1 0 Jonathan dela Cruz Ed Vincent Albano Arsenio Jallorina
Firm 24-K 96,292 0.33% 0 0 Artemio Lachica Rodolfo Santoyo, Jr. Arnulfo Balbin
Abante Ilonggo 94,815 0.32% 0 0 Aguinaldo Miravailes Rogelio Zambarrano Arturo Mejorada
ALYANSA NG OFW 91,663 0.31% 0 0 Abolcair Guro Nhazrudin Dianalan Meycauayan Atil
Ako 90,511 0.31% 0 0 Ma. Corazon Sarmiento Rodolfo Caisip Roque Bello III
ABROAD 88,743 0.30% 0 0 Danilo Dy Angela Dy Divine Puno
COCOFED 88,536 0.30% 1 0 Domingo Espina Jose Valmores Jose Lobregat
PCL 88,457 0.30% 0 0 Victor Ferrer, Jr. Benito Brizuela Ma. Lourdes Ibuna
ALIM 86,491 0.30% 0 0 Rasol Mitmug, Jr. Don Ferdinand Daquial Fatani Abdul Malik
Womenpower, Inc. 86,411 0.29% 0 0 Zenaida Reyes Gloria Encarnacion Maricar Matalam
1st KABAGIS 84,687 0.29% 0 0 Roman Wanasen Jose Singson, Jr. Eugenio S. Labitoria
LYPAD 82,642 0.28% 0 0 Teoann Masiglat Horacio Morales II Anne Militsala
Bantay 81,584 0.28% 1 0 Maria Evangelina Palparan Bienvinido Caralde Felix Desiderio, Jr.
Katutubo 80,064 0.27% 0 0 Jannette Reisland Agustin Petican Tyrone Calo
A TAMBAY 79,255 0.27% 0 0 Mohammar Omar Fajardo Jaime Pelaez Leandro Jose Domalanta
A-IPRA 77,270 0.26% 0 0 Eugenio Insigne Gregorio Andolana Pablo Bernardo
Bayani 74,993 0.26% 0 0 Guiling Mamondlong Diosdado Padilla Christopher Aggabao, Jr.
1-Tubig (formerly AAWAS) 74,152 0.25% 0 0 Ranulfo Feliciano Lope Santos III Emmanuel de Leon
Vendors 74,041 0.25% 0 0 Yussuf Macalangcom Amna Sali Esmail Macalangcom
AME 71,503 0.24% 0 0 Alfonso Goking Antonio Oppus Jose Pamplona, Sr.
APO 70,901 0.24% 0 0 Salacnib Baterina Janette Tulagan Anna Marie Abian
BIYAHENG PINOY 70,480 0.24% 0 0 Narciso Santiago III Jesus Cruz Alvin Feliciano
ALMA 70,070 0.24% 0 0 Celso Magliba Rodolfo Vicerra Christian Braganza
APOI 67,946 0.23% 0 0 Melchor Rosales Rosario Dizon Arturo Tomaneng
CHINOY 67,800 0.23% 0 0 Judy Tumangan Rogelio Amatorio, Jr.
ORAGON 67,366 0.23% 0 0 Felizardo Colambo Jose Saribong Victor Daet
PEP 65,299 0.22% 0 0 Philip Picolo Vicente Ortuoste Jose Maria Zayco
UNLAD Pilipinas 64,746 0.22% 0 0
ADAM 63,065 0.22% 0 0 Zamzamin Ampatuan Rodolfo Serrano II Ana Eleanor Intrina
A BLESSED 62,529 0.21% 0 0 Tapa Umal Expedito Lorente Macario Baricaua
AMA 62,249 0.21% 0 0 Joel Go Raoul Victorino Carolina de Jesus
SB 60,606 0.21% 0 0 Herminio Aquino Nelson Cortez Romeo Valorozo
ARC 57,515 0.20% 2 0 Oscar Francisco Frank Roy Ribo Mark Amor
AANI 57,190 0.20% 0 0 Roberto V. Rodriguez Roy Rosales Jose Umadhay
ABP-Bicolnon 55,159 0.19% 0 0 Enrique Olonan Henry Steve Olonan Jose Pobocan
Emmanuel 54,848 0.19% 0 0 Norma Nueva Florentino Teruel Ishmael Naga III
AKO BAHAY 54,182 0.18% 0 0 Percival Chavez Ma. Perla Tablante Maria Beverly Lingo
ADD-TRIBAL 53,510 0.18% 0 0 Abdurrahman Amin Salem Bagis, Jr. Princess Mabol
KLBP 50,466 0.17% 0 0 Teresita Lazaro Ma. Carmen Lazaro Venancia Corcuera
AMANG 50,127 0.17% 0 0 Marcelino Arias Dan Navarro Edwin Tan
AAMA 49,990 0.17% 0 0 Allan Ralph Basa Dennis Uy Rafael Banigued, Jr.
ALON 49,893 0.17% 0 0 Richard Ritual Joseph Patano Jaime Quinoñes
Agri 49,635 0.17% 0 0 Michael Ryan Enriquez Minerva Arellano Sunshine Hope Verzosa
ANAKALUSUGAN 47,828 0.16% 0 0 Ronald Kempis Juan Lagunzad Athena Mangondato
BIDA 45,708 0.16% 0 0 Sheryl See Johnny Tam Emilio Marcelo
KALAHI 45,494 0.16% 0 0 Eleazar Quinto Apostol Poe Gratela Charles Medillo
Green Force 44,100 0.15% 0 0 Ramon Ignacio Guillermo Lazaro, Jr. Freddie Feir
ASAHAN MO 41,809 0.14% 0 0 Jun Omar Ebdane Christian Cecillo Ianela Jusi-Barrantes
ARAL 41,159 0.14% 0 0 Maria Socorro Malitao Mauro Quiroban, Jr. Tomas Pastor
Ako Agila 39,448 0.13% 0 0 Angelo Palmones Anselmo Adriano Florentino Tesoro
AWAT 38,050 0.13% 0 0 Jose Agduma II Christy Joy Arellano Rabanes Pundato, Jr.
Yes We Can 36,819 0.13% 0 0 Maynard Lapid Noah Nocon Amery Santiago
Akap TAO 36,805 0.13% 0 0 Annelie Ofreneo-Carreon Emmanuel Pelayo Carlo Alejandrino
ANG MINERO 36,650 0.13% 0 0 Lomino Kaniteng Patrick Caolie Luis Sarmiento
OPO 35,636 0.12% 0 0 Joel Otallo Rafael de Leon Vicente Millora
IVAP 34,785 0.12% 0 0 Karim Panumpang Khalil Pangcoga Manggay Guro
PM (MASDA) 34,769 0.12% 0 0 Roberto Martin Daniel Galang Raul Raquid
ALMANA 32,957 0.12% 0 0 Ernesto Arellano Eduardo Landayan Trinidad Domingo
BAGO 32,942 0.11% 0 0 Romualdo Dumling Simplicio Dang-awan, Jr. Manuel Mariano, Jr.
Abang Lingkod 32,122 0.11% 0 0 Dionisio Manuel Leonardo Tayag Benjamin Arenas, Jr.
1-AK 32,048 0.11% Eduardo Morales Melchor Plaza Henry Asistin
SAGIP 31,798 0.11% 0 0 Romeo Maganto Mohammad Vergel de Dios, Jr. Jaime Zarraga
KASAPI 31,667 0.11% 0 0 Victoriano Saway Rodolfo Canam Isagani Santos
ANUPA 31,330 0.11% 0 0 Rosemarie Mejorada Pantaleon Morallos, Sr. Siegfried Zosa
ARCAPP 30,845 0.11% 0 0 Bayan Bait Michael Millares Flor Esteban
UNI-MAD 30,651 0.10% 1 0 Teodoro Lim Harry Lorenzo, Jr. Joel Torregoza
FFW 30,540 0.10% 0 0 Allan Montaño Jose Cayobit Alfredo Maranan
SABOD 30,001 0.10% 0 0 Anthony Ayco Ike Barredo Patrick Nessia
SMART 28,617 0.10% 0 0 Carlito Cubelo Jose Calida Joseph Cubelo
ADA 27,521 0.10% 0 0 Victor Manuel, Jr. Eugenio Manaois Teresita Agbayani
1ST PRISA 27,229 0.09% 0 0 Gabriel Martin Angeles Edward Chua Gonzalo Duque
AKSI 26,805 0.09% 0 0 Reynaldo Valeros, Jr. Lamberto Torres Jimmy Besinio
Abante KA 26,593 0.09% 0 0 Romulo Lumauig Jose B. Lopez Mustapha Sambolawan
BANGON TRANSPORT 25,547 0.09% 0 0 Ricardo Papa Cesar Ambrosio Julian Oliva, Jr.
ABO 23,902 0.09% 0 0 Procio Pilapil Reynaldo Santos Ramon V. Navarro
AK 23,394 0.08% 0 0 Procio Pilapil Reynaldo Santos Ramon V. Navarro
ANG PADER 22,218 0.08% 0 0 Pastor Gamit Al Ignatius Lopez Benjamin Tancio
ACTS 21,475 0.07% 0 0 Feliciano Adorna, Jr. Albert Anosa Ernesto Maceda
AAPS 20,753 0.07% 0 0 Edna Azurin Francis Andre Azurin Felicisima Teodoro
AKI 19,580 0.07% 0 0 Victor Lorza Porfino Castillo, Jr. Elsa Auson
ALUM 19,577 0.07% 0 0 Manuel Sabillo Cesar Betil Bartolomio Maing
BIGKIS 19,027 0.06%
AS 18,164 0.06% 0 0 Peter Paul Sanvicente Andres Tionko Marc Maglinong
AMS 17,534 0.06% 0 0 Ronaldo Gonzalo Manny Calayan Leo Martinez
ABAY PARAK 17,125 0.06% 0 0 Nilo Geonzon Rizaldo Realubit Nilo Quiros
AFPSEGCO 15,595 0.05% 0 0 Sotero Leonero, Jr. David Braña III Aida Laggui
BUKLOD FILIPINA 12,430 0.04% 0 0 Zenaida Tobias Mila Lamb Elena Santa Ana
1-NET 12,335 0.04% 0 0
Ang PDR 11,680 0.04% 0 0 Romeo Royandoyan Jaime Tadeo Amelita Balisalisa-Atillo
Abot Tanaw 10,473 0.04% 0 0 Gerwyn See Mario Cornista Tomas Toledo
ACMA 8,864 0.03% 0 0
AASCA 7,379 0.03% 0 0 Franco Puzon Alfredo Ripoli, Sr. Quintin Paredes III
ALLUMAD 6,612 0.02% 0 0 Julius Mabandos Ian Ybañez Agnes Escudero
UFS 6,121 0.02% 0 0
BIDA (BINIGKIS) 4,963 0.02% 0 0
CPM 4,495 0.02% 0 0
AVPAP 4,324 0.01% 0 0
ANG SAMAKA 4,199 0.01% 0 0 Reynaldo Quindara Virginia Castro Maria Yolanda dela Paz
PFP 3,883 0.01% 0 0
ANG NICP 1,217 0.00% 0 0
Total valid votes 29,311,294 76.83% 52 56 1 seat pending qualification
ABC 471,407 — 0 (1) Arnulfo Molero Gerardo Panghulan James Marty Lim
AKAP 94,209 — Ma. Welma de Guzman Joel Otarra Felicitas Sison
ANG TSINOY 88,522 — Carmelo Redencion T. de Leoz, Jr. Ronaldo Bohol Isabelo Osmena
ABBA-AMA 34,852 — Joselito de Guia Dennis Opeña Arden Cabigas
APELA 26,133 — Arturo Alit Henric David Marianito Miranda
UCAP 19,221 — Hanson So, Sr. Hanson So, Jr. Ruben Antonio
Damayan 19,069 — Gregorio del Prado Rachel Bongar Jonathan Navea
ALNA 15,520 — Charlemagne Alejandrino Gloria Abendan Annabelle Bueno
NCCP 12,386 — Elvira Medina Alejandro Contillo Ramon Ike Señeres
Other invalid votes 8,056,758 21.12%
Total invalid votes 8,838,077 23.17%
Turnout 38,149,371 74.34%
Registered voters 51,317,073 100.00%

*there are more nominees listed in case one of the first three nominees are either disqualified or are removed from office. In some instances, the parties submitted two lists; in those the cases, the second list submitted is listed.

Local

See also: Philippine gubernatorial elections, 2010

International reaction

The United States and the European Union praised the republic for the smooth elections. The US embassy was one of the first to hail the general elections.

We look forward to a smooth transition and, after June 30, to working with the new Philippine government to deepen the friendship and partnership between our two nations, and to advance our common goals for the benefit of the Southeast Asia region and the world.[33]

Seeing the patience and the number of people turned in the elections, EU Ambassador Alistair MacDonald shared his experience and reflection in observing the Filipinos.

I had the privilege of observing the electoral process in both Cavite and Batangas and was impressed by the manner in which this first nationwide automated election was conducted.[33]
Despite the intense heat, the long lines and the inevitable unfamiliarity of a new process, our observations suggested that this process was carried out smoothly, and the results transmitted rapidly, in the great majority of cases.[33]

MacDonald also expressed that the EU were impressed for the elections being "smooth” and “generally trouble-free.”

He also appreciated the teacher's hard work for the said elections.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Republic Act No. 9369". Congress of the Philippines. http://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/RA%209369.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-10. 
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ [2]
  4. ^ Continuity or Change?
  5. ^ Lao, Charissa (2009-12-02). "Appointive officials running in polls need not resign, Supreme Court rules". Manila Bulletin (Yahoo! News Philippines). http://ph.news.yahoo.com/mb/20091202/tph-appointive-officials-running-in-poll-020e1c8.html. Retrieved 2009-12-04. 
  6. ^ "After backing Villar, Zubiri quits Lakas-Kampi". ABS-CBNNews.com. 2010-03-24. http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/03/24/10/after-backing-villar-zubiri-quits-lakas-kampi. Retrieved 2010-04-16. 
  7. ^ "Guv bolts Lakas, supports Villar". GMANews.tv. 2010-04-11. http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/guv-bolts-lakas-supports-villar. Retrieved 2010-04-16. 
  8. ^ "Rep. Gonzales leaves Lakas to join LP". INQUIRER.net. 2010-04-12. http://politics.inquirer.net/politics/view/20100412-263830/Rep-Gonzales-leaves-Lakas-to-join-LP. Retrieved 2010-04-16. 
  9. ^ "Rep. Gonzales leaves Lakas to join LP". Manila Times. 2010-04-13. http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/top-stories/15118-gonzales-golez-leave-ruling-lakas. Retrieved 2010-04-22. 
  10. ^ Dedace, Sophia (2010-04-14). "Arroyo adviser Joey Salceda deserts Lakas in favor of LP". GMANews.tv. http://www.gmanews.tv/story/188396/arroyo-adviser-joey-salceda-deserts-lakas-in-favor-of-lp. Retrieved 2010-04-16. 
  11. ^ "Lakas exodus continues: Two Mindanao execs jump to NP". GMANews.tv. 2010-04-15. http://www.gmanews.tv/story/188572/lakas-exodus-continues-two-mindanao-execs-jump-to-np. Retrieved 2010-04-16. 
  12. ^ "(Metro News) QC mayoralty bet Annie Susano joins Estrada’s camp". Balita.ph. 2010-04-20. http://balita.ph/2010/04/20/metro-news-qc-mayoralty-bet-annie-susano-joins-estradas-camp/. Retrieved 2010-05-02. 
  13. ^ Supnad, Mario (2010-04-14). "Chavit, Ilocos leaders leave Lakas for Villar". Manila Bulletin. http://mb.com.ph/node/250086/chavit-iloco. Retrieved 2010-04-16. 
  14. ^ http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=125507&sectionid=351020406
  15. ^ Pazzibugan, Dona (2010-05-08). "SC: It’s all systems go; Court junks petitions to postpone polls". Philippine Daily Inquirer. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20100508-268697/SC-Its-all-systems-go. Retrieved 2010-05-08. 
  16. ^ http://www.gmanews.tv/story/190534/glitches-cause-delays-in-first-automated-polls-nationwide?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=facebook
  17. ^ "21 killed in Maguindanao". INQUIRER.net. 2009-11-24. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20091124-237982/21-killed-in-Maguindanao. Retrieved 2009-11-27. 
  18. ^ "Massacre planned, says Buluan vice mayor". INQUIRER.net. 2009-11-26. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20091126-238432/Massacre-planned-says-Buluan-vice-mayor. Retrieved 2009-11-27. 
  19. ^ Kwok, Abigail (2009-11-26). "Ampatuan surrenders, to be flown to Manila". INQUIRER.net. http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/opinion/view/20091126-238472/Suspects-in-Maguindanao-slays-arrestedPNP-chief. Retrieved 2009-11-26. 
  20. ^ "Martial law declared in Magundanao". http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20091205-240233/Martial-law-declared-in-Maguindanao. 
  21. ^ Lazaro, Freddie (2009-12-28). "Poll bet killed, six hurt in Ilocos Norte ambush". The Manila Bulletin. http://www.mb.com.ph/node/236047/poll-bet-killed-. Retrieved 2010-01-08. 
  22. ^ Calleja, Danny (2010-01-06). "NP local candidate gunned down". Business Mirror. http://businessmirror.com.ph/home/nation/20614-np-local-candidate-gunned-down.html. Retrieved 2010-01-15. 
  23. ^ Alvarez, Katharina (2010-01-09). "14 provinces named as election hotspots". SunStar Manila. http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/14-provinces-named-election-hotspots. Retrieved 2010-01-15. 
  24. ^ Issues Snapshots: Security and Radicalism
  25. ^ http://www.gmanews.tv/video/59753/armed-men-fire-at-liberal-party-headquarters-in-concepcion-iloilo?utm_source=GMANews.TV&utm_medium=facebook
  26. ^ a b c http://www.tribuneonline.org/commentary/20100610com6.html
  27. ^ http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9369.html
  28. ^ http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20100525-271890/Digital-signatures-built-in-say-poll-officials
  29. ^ http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/insideNation.htm?f=2010/may/28/nation2.isx&d=2010/may/28
  30. ^ http://www.bulatlat.com/main/2010/05/10/2010-elections-in-maguindanao-and-elsewhere-chaos-violence-fraud/
  31. ^ http://www.gmanews.tv/eleksyon2010/story/news/190538/spikes-on-road-delay-delivery-of-ballot-boxes-to-cebu-town
  32. ^ Inquirer.Net: Fast count stuns nation
  33. ^ a b c . http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=574541&publicationSubCategoryId=63. Retrieved 2010-05-12. 

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